全文获取类型
收费全文 | 162977篇 |
免费 | 17047篇 |
国内免费 | 10115篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 13468篇 |
技术理论 | 2篇 |
综合类 | 19957篇 |
化学工业 | 17654篇 |
金属工艺 | 6698篇 |
机械仪表 | 11792篇 |
建筑科学 | 20744篇 |
矿业工程 | 6774篇 |
能源动力 | 5704篇 |
轻工业 | 11674篇 |
水利工程 | 7043篇 |
石油天然气 | 6849篇 |
武器工业 | 2277篇 |
无线电 | 11229篇 |
一般工业技术 | 20345篇 |
冶金工业 | 6522篇 |
原子能技术 | 2742篇 |
自动化技术 | 18665篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 312篇 |
2023年 | 2016篇 |
2022年 | 4018篇 |
2021年 | 4803篇 |
2020年 | 5181篇 |
2019年 | 4528篇 |
2018年 | 4254篇 |
2017年 | 5367篇 |
2016年 | 5942篇 |
2015年 | 6248篇 |
2014年 | 9890篇 |
2013年 | 9534篇 |
2012年 | 12848篇 |
2011年 | 13066篇 |
2010年 | 9876篇 |
2009年 | 10147篇 |
2008年 | 9327篇 |
2007年 | 11407篇 |
2006年 | 10003篇 |
2005年 | 8433篇 |
2004年 | 6893篇 |
2003年 | 5931篇 |
2002年 | 4899篇 |
2001年 | 4098篇 |
2000年 | 3530篇 |
1999年 | 3013篇 |
1998年 | 2388篇 |
1997年 | 2083篇 |
1996年 | 1758篇 |
1995年 | 1665篇 |
1994年 | 1382篇 |
1993年 | 1045篇 |
1992年 | 916篇 |
1991年 | 641篇 |
1990年 | 542篇 |
1989年 | 523篇 |
1988年 | 388篇 |
1987年 | 228篇 |
1986年 | 185篇 |
1985年 | 101篇 |
1984年 | 98篇 |
1983年 | 52篇 |
1982年 | 69篇 |
1981年 | 62篇 |
1980年 | 51篇 |
1979年 | 55篇 |
1978年 | 25篇 |
1964年 | 26篇 |
1959年 | 39篇 |
1957年 | 23篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Cecilia Berlin Lars-Ola Bligrd Maral Babapour Chafi Siw Eriksson 《人机工程学与制造业中的人性因素》2022,32(1):151-170
In any work system design intervention—for example, a physical workplace re-design, a work process change, or an equipment upgrade—it is often emphasized how important it is to involve stakeholders in the process of analysis and design, to gain their perspectives as input to the development, and ensure their future acceptance of the solution. While the users of an artifact or workplace are most often regarded as being the most important stakeholders in a design intervention, in a work-system context there may be additional influential stakeholders who influence and negotiate the design intervention's outcomes, resource allocation, requirements, and implementation. Literature shows that it is uncommon for empirical ergonomics and human factors (EHF) research to apply and report the use of any structured stakeholder identification method at all, leading to ad-hoc selections of whom to consider important. Conversely, other research fields offer a plethora of stakeholder identification and analysis methods, few of which seem to have been adopted in the EHF context. This article presents the development of a structured method for identification, classification, and qualitative analysis of stakeholders in EHF-related work system design intervention. It describes the method's EHF-related theoretical underpinnings, lessons learned from four use cases, and the incremental development of the method that has resulted in the current method procedure and visualization aids. The method, called Change Agent Infrastructure (abbreviated CHAI), has a mainly macroergonomic purpose, set on increasing the understanding of sociotechnical interactions that create the conditions for work system design intervention, and facilitating participative efforts. 相似文献
32.
Cho-Yi Chen Masaoki Kawasumi Tien-Yun Lan Chi-Lam Poon Yi-Sian Lin Pin-Jou Wu Yao-Chung Chen Bing-Hong Chen Cheng-Hsien Wu Jeng-Fan Lo Rueyhung Roc Weng Yi-Chen Sun Kai-Feng Hung 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(1)
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is an adaptive program to cope with cellular stress that disturbs the function and homeostasis of ER, which commonly occurs during cancer progression to late stage. Late-stage cancers, mostly requiring chemotherapy, often develop treatment resistance. Chemoresistance has been linked to ER stress response; however, most of the evidence has come from studies that correlate the expression of stress markers with poor prognosis or demonstrate proapoptosis by the knockdown of stress-responsive genes. Since ER stress in cancers usually persists and is essentially not induced by genetic manipulations, we used low doses of ER stress inducers at levels that allowed cell adaptation to occur in order to investigate the effect of stress response on chemoresistance. We found that prolonged tolerable ER stress promotes mesenchymal–epithelial transition, slows cell-cycle progression, and delays the S-phase exit. Consequently, cisplatin-induced apoptosis was significantly decreased in stress-adapted cells, implying their acquisition of cisplatin resistance. Molecularly, we found that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) ubiquitination and the expression of polymerase η, the main polymerase responsible for translesion synthesis across cisplatin-DNA damage, were up-regulated in ER stress-adaptive cells, and their enhanced cisplatin resistance was abrogated by the knockout of polymerase η. We also found that a fraction of p53 in stress-adapted cells was translocated to the nucleus, and that these cells exhibited a significant decline in the level of cisplatin-DNA damage. Consistently, we showed that the nuclear p53 coincided with strong positivity of glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78) on immunostaining of clinical biopsies, and the cisplatin-based chemotherapy was less effective for patients with high levels of ER stress. Taken together, this study uncovers that adaptation to ER stress enhances DNA repair and damage tolerance, with which stressed cells gain resistance to chemotherapeutics. 相似文献
33.
At present, the synthesis of body temperature triggering shape memory polymers usually requires elaborate structural design, which limits their wide application. Herein, starting from bio-based Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG), a series of EUG/silica hybrids (ESHs) are prepared through a facile one-pot process, in which EUG is epoxied and then self-crosslinked with SiO2 by epoxy ring-open reaction. Varying the amount of H2O2, the shape memory transition temperature (Ttrans) of ESHs is adjusted to 47.4–36.6 ℃, which is close to human body temperature (37 ℃). Among them, ESH-17 exhibited the best body temperature triggering shape memory ability (Ttrans = 36.6 ℃), which can restore the permanent shape within 60 s at 37 ℃ with a shape fixity ratio of 99% and shape recovery ratio near 100%. In addition, the shape memory mechanism is discussed and shows some application scenarios of ESHs. The as-produced materials can be used as smart biomaterials such as self-tightening sutures, self-sealing root canal filling materials, and so on. 相似文献
34.
35.
Cell surface and secreted proteins provide essential functions for multicellular life. They enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen co-translationally, where they mature and fold into their complex three-dimensional structures. The ER is populated with a host of molecular chaperones, associated co-factors, and enzymes that assist and stabilize folded states. Together, they ensure that nascent proteins mature properly or, if this process fails, target them for degradation. BiP, the ER HSP70 chaperone, interacts with unfolded client proteins in a nucleotide-dependent manner, which is tightly regulated by eight DnaJ-type proteins and two nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs), SIL1 and GRP170. Loss of SIL1′s function is the leading cause of Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS), an autosomal recessive, multisystem disorder. The development of animal models has provided insights into SIL1′s functions and MSS-associated pathologies. This review provides an in-depth update on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying SIL1′s NEF activity and its role in maintaining ER homeostasis and normal physiology. A precise understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the loss of SIL1 may allow for the development of new pharmacological approaches to treat MSS. 相似文献
36.
37.
采用粉末冶金法将纳米单质铜(Cu0)、硅铁(FeSi)、四氧化三铁硅涂层(Fe3O4@SiO2)混合煅烧并制备出新型磁性硅铁载铜吸附剂MagFeSi-Cu0。实验研究不同烟气温度下MagFeSi-Cu0的汞吸附能力基础上,结合颗粒内扩散模型、准二阶动力学模型、Elovich模型及Bangham模型分析了MagFeSi-Cu0吸附Hg0过程的主要控制步骤。在此基础上,依据密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了不同反应温度下FeSi表面Cu0原子与Hg0原子的汞齐作用机制。研究结果表明,Bangham模型的拟合值与MagFeSi-Cu0汞吸附实验值拟合度最高,MagFeSi-Cu0表面痕量Hg0吸附由汞的外扩散和表面铜汞齐吸附共同控制;通过密度泛函计算,发现Cu0颗粒表面Cu-Hg齐吸附能为-0.534 eV,当烟气温度从80℃上升至200℃时,Hg0原子与单质Cu原子的吸附自由能从-22.47 kJ/mol下降至-13.96 kJ/mol,这些结果为深入了解Hg0在Cu(111)表面的反应机理提供了理论基础。 相似文献
38.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(21):31478-31490
Considering the great importance of nanocomposite based photo-active nanomaterials for a variety of electronics, photonics and photovoltaics application, it is always worth considering to synthesize new hetreostructure. This paper describes the sol-gel and hydrothermal synthesis of metal (holmium, barium, and cadmium) doped TiO2/CdS nanocomposites for photoanode applications. Various characterization techniques, including XRD, FTIR, UV–VIS, EDX, and SEM were used to examine the synthesized heterostructures. The band gap of pure TiO2 NPs is 3.10 eV, which was effectively decreased to 2.16 eV by doping and coupling with CdS. The nanomaterial's crystallinity, crystallite size, morphology and elemental composition were determined by XRD, SEM and EDX, respectively. As sensitizers, the organic dyes dithizone, carminic acid, and pyrocatechol violet were used. FTIR was used to analyze the effective dye grafting on the surface of nanomaterials. In the presence of hole conducting P3HT polymer as solid state electrolyte, the sensitized materials were evaluated for solid state dye-sensitized solar cells. Compared to the reference device, Cd–TiO2/CdS photosensitized using Pyrocatechol violet dye demonstrated the highest efficiency of 2.68% (0.82%). Other parameters of this device, including open circuit voltage (Voc) and short circuit current (Jsc), were determined to be 16.97 mA cm2 and 0.41V, respectively. 相似文献
39.
40.
持久蠕变强度外推是预测材料在高温高压环境下工作寿命的有效方法。目前常用的外推方法有等温法和参数法。这两种方法都是通过在实验室中采用较短时间的试验,获取试验数据后,通过Excel或者MATLAB等数据处理软件进行数据的拟合处理和外推计算。这些数据归纳统计和数学建模的过程有时需要耗费试验人员的大量精力。介绍了持久蠕变强度外推的软件实现方法,该功能包含在持久蠕变试验设备配备的软件中,试验完成后,软件直接根据试验结果进行数据拟合和持久蠕变强度的外推计算,无需试验数据的统计和建模,大大提高了持久蠕变强度外推计算的效率。 相似文献